Abstract:
The productivity of winter wheat, grown after different crops, was studied. The following varieties were studied: ‖Kuyalnik‖, - Bashtina‖, - Antonovka‖, ‖Blagodarka Odesskaya‖ and ‖Genius‖. The research was conducted in a long-term experiment with various fertilizer systems on calcareous chernozem. It was found that the use of by-products of crops as fertilizer, cultivated in field crop rotation, balances organic matter and nutrients in the soil. This can reduce the rate of application of mineral fertilizers for cultivation of winter wheat to: 100-150 kg ha-1 of ammophos during pre-sowing, 100-150 kg ha-1 of ammonium nitrate during additional fertilizing in early spring, and 65 kg ha-1 of urea during additional foliar fertilizing in the full blooming phase - the beginning of the formation of grain. The grain yield of winter wheat of the ―Kuyalnik‖ variety cultivated after maize for grain was 2.2 t ha-1 in the control with the natural fertility of calcareous chernozem (unfertilized since 1950) and 3.2 t ha-1 on fertilized variants; after a rotation of winter wheat - 2.3 and 5.8 t ha-1 , respectively; after a rotation of peas – 3.4 and 6.5 t ha-1 . The productivity of the ―Genius‖ (Germany) variety cultivated after peas for grain was high – 5.8-6.3 t ha-1 . The increase in yield was 2-3 t ha-1 . The additional foliar fertilization with urea significantly improved the quality of grain of "Antonovka‖ and "Blagodarka Odesscaia‖ varieties, cultivated after peas, oats, maize for grain and sunflower, increasing the gluten content of the grain by 6- 8%.
